Child abuse includes abuse or neglect of a child under the age of 18 by a parent, caregiver, or another person in a custodial role (e.g., a religious leader, a coach, or a teacher) that results in harm, the potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. It includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. At least one in seven children experienced child abuse or neglect in the past year in the United States, though this is likely an underestimate as many cases remain unreported. Children who are abused or neglected may suffer immediate and long-term physical, emotional, and psychological problems (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Considerations for Equitable Approaches: Rates of child abuse and neglect are higher for children in families with low socioeconomic status compared to families with a higher socioeconomic status. Experiencing poverty can place a lot of stress on families, which may increase the risk for child abuse and neglect (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Children younger than four years and children with special needs that may increase caregiver burden (such as disabilities or mental health issues) are more likely to be at risk for abuse (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Strategies to prevent child abuse and neglect include strengthening economic supports to families, changing social norms to support positive parenting, providing quality care and education early in life, enhancing parenting skills, and intervening to lessen harms (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Inclusive Language Recommendations: Recommendations for more inclusive language include utilizing person-first language such as “survivor of” rather than “victim of” child abuse, which can dehumanize those who are being referred to (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).